TABLE 1.
List of epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical parameters of the female LURIC participants on whom this study is based
| Parameter | Type 2 diabetes, survivors | Type 2 diabetes, deceased | CAD, no diabetes, survivors | No CAD, no diabetes, survivors | P values (Kruskal-Walis/ANOVA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 63 | 63 | 20 | 23 | |
| Age (years) | 65.74 ± 8.94 | 66.33 ± 8.99 | 68.33 ± 8.21 | 65.97 ± 7.97 | Matching criteria |
| Type 2 diabetes* | 63 (100) | 63 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Selection criteria |
| Diabetes diet | 63 (100) | 63 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Death | 0 (0) | 63 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Selection criteria |
| Active smoker | 8 (12.7) | 10 (15.9) | 2 (10) | 3 (13) | |
| Hypertension† | 63 (100) | 63 (100) | 12 (60) | 23 (100) | Selection criterion |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.26 ± 4.15 | 26.85 ± 4.38 | 27.31 ± 4.24 | 28.63 ± 4.90 | 0.42122 |
| CHD | 43 (68.3) | 50 (79.4) | 0 (0) | 23 (100) | Selection criterion |
| MI | 14 (22.2) | 31 (49.2) | 0 (0) | 14 (60.8) | |
| Stroke | 5 (7.9) | 7 (11.1) | 1 (5) | 1 (4.3) | |
| Dyslipidemia‡ | 63 (100) | 63 (100) | 20 (95) | 23 (100) | Selection criterion |
| A1C (%) | 6.43 ± 1.03 | 6.70 ± 1.70 | 5.74 ± 0.60 | 5.63 ± 0.53 | 0.02320 |
| OAD | 6 (9.5) | 9 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Selection criterion |
| Insulin treatment | 4 (6.3) | 10 (15.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Selection criterion |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 82 ± 20 | 89 ± 57 | 69 ± 8.8 | 72 ± 11 | 0.00020 |
| Creatinine clearance (Cockroft-Gault formula) | 81.54 ± 24.81 | 77.83 ± 29.22 | 79.03 ± 17.17 | 83.41 ± 25.31 | 0.59448 |
| Creatinine clearance (MDRD-short formula) | 78.22 ± 17.84 | 76.51 ± 22.20 | 79.98 ± 12.09 | 77.22 ± 14.58 | 0.93046 |
| Clearance below 60 ml/min | 5 (7.9) | 10 (15.9) | 1 (5) | 3 (13) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 209.27 ± 45.63 | 206.90 ± 46.05 | 244.30 ± 57.65 | 224.54 ± 48.62 | 0.01976 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 165.78 ± 78.42 | 182.48 ± 132.40 | 170.95 ± 115.87 | 151.42 ± 46.02 | 0.90922 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 407.43 ± 116.5 | 442.67 ± 114.57 | 379.7 ± 113.56 | 351.46 ± 63.15 | 0.00007 |
| Interleukin-6 | 15.96 ± 8.84 | 14.21 ± 14.21 | ND | ND | |
| hsCRP | 10.75 ± 23.08 | 12.37 ± 23.79 | 7.44 ± 15.54 | 3.84 ± 4.39 | 0.00763 |
Data are means ± SD or n (%) of patients.
Diabetes was defined according to World Health Organization/American Diabetes Association criteria; in all probands without known history of diabetes, diabetes was ruled out by an oral glucose tolerance test.
Hypertension defined by the use of antihypertensive drugs and/or systolic blood pressure >140 and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg.
Dyslipidemia defined by use of lipoid lowering drugs and/or HDL <35 mg/dl, triglycerides >170 mg/dl, and total cholesterol >240 mg/dl. CAD, angiographically proven coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; ND, not done; OAD, oral antidiabetic drug.