TABLE 2.
Unadjusted baseline characteristics in the three groups based on patterns of the persistence of pre-diabetes over 4 years
| Never | Intermittent | Persistent | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 10.9 ± 1.9 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 11.9 ± 1.6 | NS |
| Sex (% girls) | 51 | 38 | 63 | NS |
| Tanner stage | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 0.051 |
| Weight (kg) | 63.0 ± 19.7 | 63.0 ± 19.3 | 72.0 ± 21.2 | NS |
| BMI percentile | 96.6 ± 4.2 | 97.4 ± 2.8 | 97.0 ± 3.7 | NS |
| Waist (cm) | 85.9 ± 13.6 | 88.7 ± 13.0 | 92.1 ± 13.5 | NS |
| Fat mass (kg) | 24.3 ± 10.3 | 24.7 ± 10.3 | 29.0 ± 11.7 | NS |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 36.4 ± 10.0 | 35.8 ± 9.9 | 40.4 ± 9.2 | NS |
| IAAT (cm2) | 41.5 ± 19.3 | 49.6 ± 21.8 | 59.4 ± 22.1 | 0.015 |
| SAAT (cm2) | 325.0 ± 159.3 | 319.6 ± 120.1 | 409.4 ± 141.9 | 0.1 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 88.5 ± 4.4 | 91.6 ± 5.8 | 94.3 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 18.4 + 12.7 | 19.5 + 10.7 | 22.6 + 10.9 | NS |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dl) | 115.1 ± 11.8 | 130.6 ± 15.1 | 139.6 ± 22.0 | <0.001 |
| Si (×10−4 min−1 · μU−1 · ml−1) | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 0.1 |
| AIR (μU/ml) | 1,646 ± 1,267 | 1,752 ± 1,184 | 1,724 ± 1,321 | NS |
| Disposition index (×10−4 min−1) | 2,639 ± 1,052 | 2,746 ± 1,179 | 1,758 ± 1,050 | 0.008 |
Sample size for age, sex, Tanner stage, weight, BMI percentile, fasting glucose and insulin, and 2-h glucose, n = 128 (51 never, 61 intermittent, and 16 persistent). Sample size for waist, fat mass, and lean mass, n = 126 (50 never, 60 intermittent, and 16 persistent), Sample size for Si, AIR, and disposition index, n = 121 (48 never, 57 intermittent, and 16 persistent). Sample size for IAAT and SAT, n = 109 (45 never, 50 intermittent, and 14 persistent).