. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Oct 21.

Published in final edited form as: J Laryngol Otol. 2007 Nov 26;122(9):898–904. doi: 10.1017/S0022215107000990

TABLE I.

REPORTS OF MANUBRIAL FRACTURE PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH LITERATURE OVER LAST 50 YEARS

Study	Cases (n)	Mechanism of injury	Air—bone gap (dB)	Otoscopy	Management
Harris & Butler¹	4	Head trauma	5−30	Manubrial fracture on neumatic otoscopy (cases 1−3)	Conservative (cases 1−3)
		Ear striking water	5−15		Surgical (case 4)
		Unknown	0−20
		Scuba diving	0−40
Pedersen²	2	Digital manipulation of ear canal (both cases)	5−30	Normal	Surgical (both cases)
			10−15	Free motion of manubrium with immobile lateral process
Iurato & Quaranta³	3	Jet of water striking ear	5−25	Fracture of manubrium (all cases)	Conservative (all cases)
		Unknown	5−15
		Digital manipulation of ear canal	10−20
Applebaum & Goldin⁴	1	Unknown	15−25	Poorly mobile malleus	Surgical
Orabi⁵	1	Digital manipulation of ear canal	20−25	Normal	Conservative