Table 1.

Traditional Medicinal Plants Used for Cognitive Disorders

Medicinal Plant	Uses, Pharmaceutical and Clinical Effects
Centella asiatica L	Strengthens nervous function and memory, enhancement of cholinergic activity and thus, cognitive function.
Ginkgo bilobaL	Improvement of memory loss associated with blood circulation abnormalties, favourable effects on neuronal cell metabolism, antioxidant activity, neuroprotective against β-amyloid toxicity in vitro.
Melissa officinalis L	Treatment of depression, hysteria and nervous insomnia, shows antioxidant effects.
Polygala tenuifoliaWilld	Used in TCM as a cardiotonic and cerebrotonic, as a sedative and tranquillizer, and for amnesia, forgetfulness, neuritis, nightmares and insomnia.
Salvia lavandulaefoliaVahl. Salvia officinalis L Salvia miltiorrhiza Bung	Cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant and oestrogenic activities in vitro. Treatment of blood circulation disorders, insomnia, neurasthenia and alleviation of inflammation.
Withania somnifera(L)Dun	Important herb in Ayurvedic medicine, treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis.