Table 8.

Summary of All Mediation Analyses Conducted

Intervention effect	Maternal behavior	a × b	SE	Lower CV	Upper CV	ACI lower value	ACI upper value	ACI p	Sobel lower value	Sobel upper value	Sobel P
Children ’s cooperation with mother
PALS I	Warm, sensitivity	−0.06	0.032	−1.61	2.26	−0.11	0.01	ns	−0.12	−0.01	<.05
PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.11	0.040	−1.69	2.20	−0.17	−0.02	<.05	−0.18	−0.03	<.05
PALS I × PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	−0.09	0.040	−1.63	2.24	−0.15	−0.00	ns	−0.17	−0.01	<.05
PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	−0.11	0.040	−1.69	2.20	−0.17	−0.02	<.05	−0.18	−0.03	<.05
Children’s social engagement with mother
PALS I	Warm sensitivity	−0.23	0.07	−1.78	2.12	−0.35	−0.09	<.05	−0.36	−0.10	<.05
PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.30	0.07	−1.80	2.10	−0.43	−0.15	<.05	−0.44	−0.16	<.05
PALS I × PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	0.29	0.09	−1.74	2.15	0.13	0.49	<.05	0.11	0.47	<.05
PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	−0.32	0.07	−1.80	2.10	−0.45	−0.17	<.05	−0.46	−0.18	<.05
PALS I × PALS II	Redirecta	1.26	0.76	−1.54	2.31	0.09	3.00	<.05	−0.23	2.74	ns
PALS I	Maintain	−0.03	0.02	−1.51	2.32	−0.07	0.016	ns	−0.08	0.01	ns
PALS I × PALS II	Redirect	0.04	0.02	−1.49	2.34	−0.00	0.10	ns	−0.01	0.09	ns
Slope × PALS I	Verbal scaffoldinga	−0.02	0.01	−1.48	2.34	−0.04	0.01	ns	−0.05	0.01	ns
Slope × PALS I	Verbal scaffolding	−0.01	0.01	−1.55	2.29	−0.01	0.00	ns	−0.02	0.00	ns
Children’s affect with mother
PALS I × PALS II	Warm sensitivity	0.13	0.07	−1.58	2.29	0.02	0.29	<.05	−0.01	0.27	ns
PALS I × PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	0.10	0.06	−1.55	2.30	0.01	0.24	<.05	−0.01	0.22	ns
PALS I	Warm sensitivity	−0.12	0.06	−1.64	2.24	−0.21	0.00	ns	−0.23	−0.01	<.05
Slope × PALS I × Risk Group	Affect	0.13	0.07	−1.20	2.50	0.05	0.31	<.05	−0.01	0.27	ns
PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.10	0.05	−1.63	2.24	−0.18	0.02	ns	−0.19	0.00	ns
PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	−0.09	0.05	−1.57	2.29	−0.17	0.03	ns	−0.18	0.01	ns
PALS II	Warm sensitivity	−0.11	0.06	−1.58	2.29	−0.20	0.02	ns	−0.22	0.00	ns
Children’s use of words with mother
PALS I × PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	0.12	0.05	−1.68	2.21	0.04	0.22	<.05	0.02	0.21	<.05
PALS I × PALS II	Warm sensitivity	0.06	0.04	−1.57	2.30	0.01	0.15	<.05	−0.01	0.13	ns
PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.11	0.04	−1.71	2.18	−0.17	−0.02	<.05	−0.18	−0.03	<.05
PALS I	Warm sensitivity	−0.08	0.03	−1.66	2.22	−0.13	−0.01	<.05	−0.14	−0.01	<.05
PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	−0.11	0.04	−1.71	2.18	−0.18	−0.02	<.05	−0.19	−0.03	<.05
PALS I	Maintaina	−2.63	1.50	−1.55	2.30	−4.95	0.81	ns	−5.56	0.30	ns
Children’s coordination of attention and word use with mother
PALS I × PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	0.09	0.06	−0.83	2.51	0.04	0.24	<.05	−0.03	0.21	ns
PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.09	0.04	−1.55	2.29	−0.16	0.01	ns	−0.18	−0.01	<.05
PALS II	Redirecta	0.78	0.83	−0.81	2.56	0.11	2.91	<.05	−0.85	2.41	ns
PALS I	Redirect	0.07	0.06	−0.77	2.74	0.02	0.24	<.05	−0.06	0.19	ns
Slope × PALS I × Risk Group	Affect	0.06	0.04	−1.10	2.43	0.02	0.15	<.05	−0.02	0.13	ns
PALS I	Warm sensitivity	−0.08	0.04	−1.45	2.31	−0.15	0.02	ns	−0.17	0.00	ns
One word receptive vocabulary (PPVT)
PALS I × PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	0.64	0.38	−1.64	2.24	0.02	1.50	<.05	−0.10	1.39	ns
PALS I	Maintaina	−0.40	9.27	−1.62	2.32	−25.42	11.07	ns	−28.57	7.77	ns
PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.61	0.34	−1.74	2.18	−1.21	0.13	ns	−1.29	0.06	ns
PALS II	Contingent responsiveness	−0.64	0.36	−1.74	2.18	−1.26	0.14	ns	−1.34	0.06	ns
Slope × PALS I	Contingent responsiveness	−0.08	0.05	−1.47	2.35	−0.16	0.05	ns	−0.18	0.03	ns
Slope × PALS I	Verbal scaffolding	−0.08	0.08	−0.68	3.44	−0.13	0.19	ns	−0.23	0.08	ns

Note. Negative effects are due to coding of treatment effects as DAS = 1, PALS = 0 so that this does not indicate that the mediation is a negative relation. PALS = Playing and Learning Strategies; DAS = Developmental Assessment Screening; I = intervention in infancy; II = intervention in toddler-preschool period; a × b = Product of the two effects; SE = Standard error of the product of the two effects; Lower CV and Upper CV = critical values from Meeker’s (1981) tables; ACI = Asymptotic confidence interval value; ns = not significant.

^aVariable is log transformed.