Descriptive Statistics for Maternal Responsiveness Behaviors and Children’s Outcomes by Study Group for Each Assessment Point

	PALS I								DAS I
	PALS II				DAS II				PALS II				DAS II
Maternal behavior	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Maternal behaviors
Contingent Responsiveness’a	3.1	3.7	3.3	3.4	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.6	3.1	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.7
	.9	1.1	.9	1.1	.9	1.0	.8	1.0	.8	.9	.8	.8	.9	1.0	1.1	1.0
Warm sensitivitya	3.0	3.7	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.5	3.1	2.7	2.4	2.7	3.0	2.6	2.5
	1.0	1.2	.8	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	.9	1.0	.9	1.1	1.0	.9
Positive affect	2.4	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.6	2.9	2.5	2.4
	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Maintaining	75.9	76.8	83.9	86.1	76.9	80.1	80.0	79.1	68.0	74.0	78.1	77.5	68.6	74.0	74.3	80.7
	22.2	21.4	13.9	15.2	22.4	17.9	17.4	15.4	19.0	17.7	15.5	17.6	22.7	17.7	20.8	16.1
Redirecting	15.4	14.9	12.3	7.1	15.9	15.4	14.0	14.1	24.4	18.6	16.8	16.0	23.1	17.6	16.1	10.7
	17.5	18.7	12.1	9.7	16.8	15.9	14.9	13.9	18.0	14.8	12.3	12.7	21.9	14.5	13.9	12.5
Verbal scaffolding	.9	1.3	1.3	.9	.9	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.5	2.0	1.1	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.1	.8
	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.1	2.7	1.9	2.2	1.9	2.4	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.1	1.7	1.3
Verbal encouragement	11.8	17.4	8.7	14.0	14.3	10.9	10.4	9.0	10.9	13.2	12.9	12.1	14.0	11.7	7.9	9.3
	13.2	16.4	9.2	16.5	15.7	12.2	12.5	14.1	13.3	11.2	14.6	14.2	16.5	13.0	10.4	11.7
Children’s outcomes with mother
Cooperation	.4	.6	.5	.4	−.5	.2	.2	.2	.1	.6	.58	.53	.15	.28	.50	.59
	.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	.9	1.0	.84	.75	.89	.99	.92	.95
Social engagementa	2.9	3.6	3.5	3.7	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.4	2.8	3.6	3.2	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.2
	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	.9	1.0	.9	1.0	1.0	.89	1.0	1.0	1.0	.95	.97
Positive affectb	−4.0	−4.2	−3.8	−4.0	−3.8	−4.0	−4.2	−4.1	−3.9	−4.2	−3.8	−4.0	−3.7	−3.9	−3.8	−3.8
	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.5
Use of wordsb	.5	1.0	.8	1.1	−.0	.6	.7	.8	.4	.9	.80	1.0	.26	.46	.70	.79
	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0	.8	1.0	1.0	.9	.86	.67	1.1	1.2	.94	.97
Coordinating attention and wordsb	−1.8	−1.6	−1.5	−1.7	−1.2	−1.9	−1.9	−1.4	−1.9	−1.7	−1.6	−1.8	−1.9	−1.8	−1.8	−1.7
	.7	1.0	.8	1.0	1.0	1.1	.9	.9	.9	1.0	.9	1.1	.74	.83	.89	.76
Children’s standardized language test outcomes
Receptive vocabularyc	13.7	19.7	22.2	25.6	10.8	15.3	18.5	23.6	14.0	17.4	22.7	24.3	14.1	17.7	22.4	25.8
	10.2	12.1	10.8	14.6	9.8	15.4	12.8	16.5	9.4	9.8	11.7	11.0	10.6	12.2	13.8	17.1
Composite receptive languagec	20.9	24.2	26.0	28.0	21.2	22.7	25.4	26.3	21.8	23.4	26.3	27.8	22.3	23.7	25.4	26.7
	5.6	6.3	6.3	5.0	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.5	4.7	6.6	5.4	5.0	5.5	6.1	6.1	6.9
Composite expressive languagec	21.0	23.0	23.2	24.4	19.9	21.1	23.6	24.2	21.0	23.3	25.1	25.5	20.3	22.2	23.6	25.5
	5.1	4.0	4.1	5.0	4.1	5.0	4.9	5.7	3.3	4.0	4.0	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.3	4.6

Note. The mean for each variable at each time point is the top number; the standard deviation is the bottom number. Assessment time points: 1 = pretest; 2 = interim; 3 = posttest; 4 = follow-up.

^aVariable is based on a 5-point rating; higher scores are more positive.

^bVariable is a scaled score using a Rasch modeling approach; less negative numbers are more positive.

^cVariable is a raw score.