Figure 4.

Distribution of Cyclotides in Rubiaceae.

Summary cladogram of the family Rubiaceae based on Bremer and Manen (2000) showing the relationships between the tribes of the subfamily Rubioideae. The tribal delimitations follow Robbrecht and Manen (2006). The woody and herbaceous clades correspond to the supertribes Psychotriidinae and Rubiidinae, respectively. The presence (green triangle) and absence (red cross) of cyclotides are indicated for all analyzed plant tribes/families. The sequence diversity of cyclotides is indicated for peptides found in the prototypic cyclotide-containing plant O. affinis (Spermacoceae). Variations of amino acids for each position to the cyclotide backbone are indicated in a radial formation on the outside of the backbone circle that was generated by alignment of kalata B1–B18.