Table 1. Prevalence and crude OR of association of HHV-8 seropositivity with demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics among male patients, Egypt*.

Characteristic	n/N	%	OR	95% CI	p value†
Total	52/235	22.1	–	–	–
Age group, y					<0.001
15–24	8/96	8.3	Ref	–	–
25–34	16/54	29.6	4.6	2.0–11.0	–
35–44	10/30	33.3	5.5	1.9–15.7	–
>45	18/55	32.7	5.3	2.2–13.2	–
Education					0.001
None	19/50	38.0	Ref	–	–
Primary	22/100	22.0	0.5	0.2–1.0	–
Secondary/postsecondary	11/85	12.9	0.2	0.1–0.6	–
Job					0.001
Student	2/38	5.3	Ref	–	–
Not working	6/31	19.3	4.3	0.8–23.3	–
Farmer	25/87	28.7	7.3	1.6–32.4	–
Trade, service, production	13/63	20.6	4.7	1.1–20.0	–
Technician/secretary	6/16	37.5	10.8	1.9–61.3	–
Marital status					0.004
Not married	11/91	12.1	Ref	–	–
Married	39/136	28.7	3.1	1.4–6.5	–
Separated/divorced/widowed	2/8	25.0	7.6	1.0–60.8	–
Dental treatments					<0.001
No	16/128	12.5	Ref	–	–
Yes	36/107	33.6	3.5	1.8–7.1	–
Tattoos					0.53
No	50/220	22.7	Ref	–	–
Present	2/15	13.3	0.5	0.1–2.5	–
HCV serostatus					0.72
Negative	48/214	22.4	Ref	–	–
Positive	4/21	19.0	0.8	0.3–2.5	–
Injections (lifetime)					0.74
<10	20/72	20.8	Ref	–	–
>10	37/163	22.7	1.1	0.6–2.1	–
Smoking					0.02
Never	23/138	16.7	Ref	–	–
Ever	29/97	29.9	2.1	1.1–4.0	–
Goza‡					0.77
Never	42/193	21.8	Ref	–	–
Ever	10/42	23.8	1.1	0.5–2.4	–
Schistosomiasis					0.43
Negative	1/9	11.1	Ref	–	–
Positive	51/226	31.0	2.3	0.3–19.0	–

*OR, odds ratio; HHV-8, human herpesvirus 8; CI, confidence interval; Ref, referrent; HCV, hepatitis C virus.
†p value for age group and education is test for trend; otherwise, p value is test for heterogeneity
‡Goza is a method of tobacco smoking in which tobacco smoke passes through a water pipe.