Fig. 6.

AAT treatment aborts insulin resistance in DIA NOD mice. Mice were fasted overnight and injected with human insulin (20 units/kg body weight i.p.) to acutely stimulate insulin signaling. Mice were killed 10 min later. Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) obtained (50 days posttreatment) was dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen for immunoblotting analysis of insulin signaling proteins. Group 1, control nondiabetic NOD mice. Group 2, AAT-treated NOD mice at 50 days. Group 3, acute diabetic NOD mice rendered euglycemic by delivery of insulin via a osmotic pump for 10 days. Group 4, chronic diabetic NOD mice treated with conventional insulin therapy. *, Kruskal-Wallis test.