Table 2.
Association between DED (continuous and quintiles) and risk of type 2 diabetes: EPIC-Norfolk study
| DED | P value | DED quintiles |
Ptrend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
| DED (kJ/g) | 1.04–7.97 | 1.04–2.43 | 2.43–2.78 | 2.78–3.12 | 3.12–3.55 | 3.55–7.97 | ||
| Men | 1.30–7.53 | 1.30–2.55 | 2.55–2.92 | 2.92–3.26 | 3.26–3.70 | 3.70–7.53 | ||
| Women | 1.04–7.97 | 1.04–2.35 | 2.35–2.67 | 2.67–3.00 | 3.00–3.42 | 3.42–7.97 | ||
| Incident cases | 725 | 135 | 140 | 138 | 143 | 169 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | 0.032 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.83–1.37) | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | 1.11 (0.87–1.43) | 1.34 (1.05–1.70) | 0.022 |
| Model 2 | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.028 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 1.06 (0.82–1.36) | 1.10 (0.86–1.42) | 1.35 (1.06–1.73) | 0.016 |
| Model 3 | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 0.007 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | 1.23 (0.93–1.61) | 1.58 (1.18–2.12) | 0.003 |
Data are range, n, or ORs (95% CI). Adjustments of covariates were performed using multiple regression analyses by cumulatively adding the following covariates into the model: model 1, age, sex, and baseline BMI; model 2, model 1 plus occupational status, smoking, physical activity, and family history of type 2 diabetes; and model 3, model 2 plus alcohol consumption and total energy intake.