P19-SI cell cardiogenesis is inhibited by exposure to BMP 4 at the beginning of aggregation. P19-SI cultures were established in aggregation conditions either with (
) or without (
)10ng/ml BMP4. Samples were harvested up to 110 hrs after plating and assayed by quantitative RT-PCR to detect expression of the early mesodermal marker, Brachyury T; known cardiac transcription factors (Nkx 2.5, GATA 4, Myocardin); the cardiogenic signaling molecule, BMP 4; Noggin, Wnt 3a and Msx-1. Data in b) through i) are normalized to HPRT expression. Cardiac transcription factors do not increase if BMP 4 is added before the cells have begun to aggregate. Note also the earlier increase in Msx-1 expression when BMP 4 is added at the time the aggregate cultures are established. See text for complete discussion.