Table 3.

Multivariable odds ratios of food groups and the incidence of aggressive prostate cancer

	Quintiles*; odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
	Gleason score ≥ 7; n = 188, 48.70%			No. of cancer cores ≥ 3; n = 235, 60.88%			Serum PSA level ≥ 10 μg/L; n = 84, 21.76%
Food	Q1†	Q5	p value	Q1†	Q5	p value	Q1†	Q5	p value
Dairy products	1	1.16 (0.68–1.97)	0.58	1	0.93 (0.54–1.60)	0.81	1	0.76 (0.43–1.35)	0.35
Red meat, ham, sausages	1	1.09 (0.65–2.45)	0.47	1	0.77 (0.44–1.36)	0.37	1	0.97 (0.54–1.76)	0.94
Chicken	1	1.04 (0.59–1.84)	0.59	1	0.96 (0.54–1.72)	0.90	1	1.05 (0.54–2.04)	0.87
Fish	1	1.44 (0.68–3.03)	0.33	1	1.04 (0.65–1.33)	0.12	1	0.91 (0.39–2.15)	0.84
Bread, pasta, rice, maize	1	0.92 (0.55–1.53)	0.76	1	1.06 (0.63–1.78)	0.80	1	0.80 (0.46–1.39)	0.43
Potatoes	1	1.17 (0.63–2.15)	0.61	1	1.11 (0.60–2.05)	0.60	1	1.49 (0.75–2.94)	0.24
Any green vegetables	1	0.89 (0.65–2.14)	0.27	1	1.09 (0.69–2.25)	0.46	1	1.20 (0.62–2.32)	0.58
Tomatoes (e.g., fresh, sauce)	1	1.27 (0.72–2.23)	0.39	1	1.16 (0.66–2.02)	0.60	1	1.25 (0.66–2.39)	0.48
Pulses (e.g., beans, peas)	1	1.86 (0.86–3.99)	0.11	1	2.89 (0.98–8.16)	0.06	1	1.42 (0.61–3.41)	0.39
Fruits (e.g., fresh, juices)	1	1.55 (0.91–2.62)	0.10	1	1.28 (0.76–2.17)	0.34	1	1.09 (0.93–3.78)	0.09
Soy products	1	1.03 (0.88–1.21)	0.66	1	0.90 (0.65–1.98)	0.23	1	1.13 (0.76–1.89)	0.11
Cakes, desserts, ice cream	1	0.95 (0.55–1.62)	0.86	1	0.70 (0.41–1.22)	0.22	1	1.78 (0.93–3.39)	0.08

PSA = prostate-specific antigen.

^*Expressed as the lowest and highest quintiles.

^†Reference category.