Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008 Aug 9;33(9):1236–1247. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.06.009

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Durations (mean ± SE) of submissive and defensive, aggressive, social, and nonsocial behavior are shown for a 5-min test with a novel, non-aggressive opponent. Defeated animals received an injection of flesinoxan (200 ng, N = 11; 400 ng, N = 10; 800 ng, N =11) or vehicle (N = 10) into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 10 min before defeat training. Likewise, no defeat controls received an injection of flesinoxan (800 ng, N = 10) or vehicle (N = 9) into the DRN 10 min before exposure to a resident aggressor’s empty cage. These data demonstrate reduced submissive and defensive behavior with increasing doses of flesinoxan given prior to training (asterisk indicates p < 0.05 compared to vehicle controls). Flesinoxan given prior to defeat training did not alter the behavior of no defeat controls. See the text for significant differences between defeated animals and no defeat controls.