Table 2. Cox proportional hazards model for time to first cigarette (n = 1,269).
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|
Cannabis use* | 2.50 (1.99 - 3.15) |
Alcohol use* | 2.42 (1.99 - 2.94) |
Oppositional defiant disorder* | 1.69 (1.34 - 2.13) |
Maternal alcohol dependence* | 1.37 (1.10 - 1.70) |
Nicotine dependence risk group (based on paternal status)a | |
Group 1: high genetic (G), high environmental (E)* | 1.22 (1.01 - 1.49) |
Group 2: high G, low E | 1.14 (0.80 - 1.62) |
Group 3: moderate G, low E | 1.05 (0.79 - 1.40) |
Alcohol dependence risk group (based on paternal status)a | |
Group 1: high G, high E | 1.07 (0.87 - 1.33) |
Group 2: high G, low E | 1.12 (0.86 - 1.47) |
Group 3: moderate G, low E | 1.03 (0.79 - 1.35) |
Maternal nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom proxy) | 1.08 (1.02 - 1.16) |
Maternal ND X risk period from 14-15 years of age b* | 0.88 (0.79 - 0.98) |
Hazard ratios relative to Group 4 (control)
Interaction term included in the model to adjust for violation of proportional hazard assumption for maternal nicotine dependence.
p <.05