Figure 5. Signaling of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in an applied electric field.

Phosphorylation of Erk1/2 (A) and Akt (B) is increased in an applied electric field as measured by phospho-flow cytometry. Cells were stimulated by an electric field (2.5V across ~1.3cm) for 60 min at room temperature in a 24-well plate. Stimulated cells, and unstimulated control cells incubated in parallel but without an electric field, were stained with anti-phospho-Erk1/2 antibody or anti-phospho-Akt-ser473 antibody. Each experiment was repeated at least 3 times with similar results