Table 1.
Potencies of chemically distinct families of compounds in elevating NQO1 activity and in inhibiting LPS-stimulated iNOS activity in RAW 264.7 cells, expressed as Dm values, and their potencies as inducers of NQO1 in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa 1c1c7), expressed as CD (concentrations required to double) values
| Chemical Class | Compound | CD, μM in Hepa 1c1c7 |
Dm, μM in RAW 264.7 (Rank order)† |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Induction of NQO1 | Induction of NQO1 | Inhibition of iNOS | ||
| Isothiocyanates | RS-Sulforaphane | 0.22 | 1.86 (5) | 0.44 (6) |
| Benzyl isothiocyanate | 2.7 | 27.3 (11) | 2.23 (10) | |
| Hexyl isothiocyanate | In* | 1080 (18) | 12.4 (14) | |
| Triterpenoids | TP-225 | 0.0003 | 0.0035 (1) | 0.0011 (1) |
| TP-155 | 0.001 | 0.012 (2) | 0.0053 (2) | |
| TP-151 | 0.0023 | 0.054 (3) | 0.033 (3) | |
| Bis(benzylidenes) | Bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)acetone | 0.2 | 7.58 (8) | 0.26 (5) |
| Bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)acetone | 14 | 91.2 (14) | 7.33 (12) | |
| Bis(2-carboxylbenzylidene)cyclopentanone | 65 | 792 (17) | 508 (18) | |
| Arsenicals | Phenyl arsenoxide | 0.057 | 0.27 (4) | 0.066 (4) |
| Sodium arsenite | 2.1 | 7.37 (7) | 0.87 (8) | |
| Sodium arsenate | 12 | 403 (16) | 15.0 (15) | |
| Heavy Metals | Mercuric chloride | 0.72 | 62.4 (12) | 18.8 (16) |
| Cadmium chloride | 10.5 | 10.1 (9) | 5.29 (11) | |
| Mercaptans | 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol (BAL) | 24 | 75.4 (13) | 8.14 (13) |
| Dihydrolipoic acid | 40 | 274 (15) | 94.6 (17) | |
| Propane-1,3-dithiol | In* | In (19) | 898 (19) | |
| Chelates | BAL/HgCl2 (10:1) | 0.10 | 2.85 (6) | 0.45 (7) |
| BAL/HgCl2 (1:1) | 0.28 | 21.4 (10) | 1.32 (9) | |
TP-225, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleane-1,9(11)-dien-28-onitrile; TP-155, methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleane-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate; TP-151, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleane-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid.
*Inactive (In) is defined as less than a 20% increase in the induction ratio (treated/control) at the highest concentration at which there was less than 50% cell toxicity.
†The potency order ranks for each type of measurement are given in parentheses.