Table 1.
Randomized, clinical trials that aimed to prevent diabetes by lifestyle modification.
| Studya | Number of patients by treatment group | BMI of participants (kg/m2) | Duration of intervention (years) | Lifestyle goals | Weight loss achieved at 1 year (kg) | Cumulative incidence of T2DM in controls | Risk reduction (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan et al. (1997)13 | 130 diet 141 exercise 126 diet and exercise 133 control |
26 | 6 | Weight loss + maintenance of a healthy diet ± exercise | NR | 68% (15.7% per year) | Diet 31% (NR) Exercise 46% (NR) Both 42% (NR) |
| Tuomilehto et al. (2001)14 | 265 active 257 control |
31 | 4 | 5% weight loss on low-fat, high-fiber diet + 30 min exercise per day | 4.2 | 23% (6% per year) | 58% (30–70%) |
| DPP Research Group (2002)19 | 1,079 active 1,082 control |
34 | 2.8 | 7% weight loss + 150 min exercise per week | 7 | 28.9% at 3 years | 58% (48–66%) |
| Kosaka et al. (2005)22b | 356 active 102 control |
24 | 4 | Reduction in BMI to ≤22 kg/m2 by 30–40 min exercise per day | 2.5 | 9.3% (assessed by FPG >7.8 mmol/l) | 67.4% (NR) |
| Ramachandran et al. (2006)23 | 133 active 136 control |
26 | 3 | Weight maintenance by diet low in refined carbohydrates and fat + 30 min exercise per day | 0 | 55% | 28.5% (20–37%) |
a
All study populations had impaired glucose tolerance.
b
In this study, the oral glucose tolerance test used 100 g glucose and modified criteria for impaired glucose tolerance.
Abbreviations: DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NR, not reported; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.