Table 2.
Randomized clinical trials of medications used in diabetes prevention.
| Study | Number of patients by study group | Study population | Duration of intervention (years) | Medication | Cumulative incidence of T2DM in controls | Risk reduction (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPP Research Group (2002)19 | 1,073 active 1,082 placebo |
IGT BMI 34 kg/m2 |
2.8 | Metformin 850 mg twice daily | 28.9% | 31% (17–43%) |
| Ramachandran et al. (2006)23 | 133 active 136 control |
IGT BMI 26 kg/m2 |
2.5 | Metformin 250 mg twice daily | 55% | 26% (19–35%) |
| Wenying et al. (2001)37 | 88 active 85 control |
IGT BMI 25 kg/m2 |
3.0 | Metformin 250 mg three times daily | 11.6% per year | 77% (NR) |
| DPP Research Group (2005)39 | 585 active 582 placebo |
IGT BMI 34 kg/m2 |
0.9 | Troglitazone 400 mg once daily | 12% per year | 75% (NR) |
| Buchanan et al. (2002)38 | 133 active 133 placebo |
Former GDM IGT (n = 167) BMI 30 kg/m2 |
2.5 | Troglitazone 400 mg once daily | 30% (12% per year) | 50% (28–89%) |
| Gerstein et al. (2006)40 | 2,365 active 2,634 placebo |
IGT, IFG or both BMI 31 kg/m2 |
3.0 | Rosiglitazone 8 mg once daily | 25% | 62% (35–46%) |
| Chiasson et al. (2002)47 | 714 active 715 placeboa |
IGT BMI 31 kg/m2 |
3.2 | Acarbose 100 mg three times daily | 42.0% (12.4% per year) | 25% (10–37%) |
| Wenying et al. (2001)37 | 88 active 85 control |
IGT BMI 25 kg/m2 |
3.0 | Acarbose 50 mg three times daily | 11.6% per year | 88% (NR) |
| Torgerson et al. (2004)48 | 1,640 active 1,637 placebob |
IGT (n = 694) BMI 37 kg/m2 |
4.0 | Orlistat 120 mg three times daily | 14.2% | IGT 52% All 41% (NR) |
| Heymsfield et al. (2000)49 | 359 active 316 placebo |
IGT (n = 120) BMI 36 kg/m2 |
2.0 | Orlistat 120 mg three times daily | 7.6% | 40% (NR) |
| Bosch et al. (2006)51 | 2,623 active 2,646 placebo |
IGT, IFG or both BMI 31 kg/m2 |
3.0 | Ramipril 10 mg once daily | 18% | 9% (0–20%) |
a
This study had a 25% drop-out rate.
b
This study had a 50% drop-out rate.
Abbreviations: DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NR, not reported; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.