FIG. 2.

Cytokine production by SEA-stimulated bulk MLNC, CD4 T cells, and GC in CBA mice coinfected with H. polygyrus and S. mansoni. Cytokine levels in 48-h supernatants from SEA-stimulated bulk MLNC, CD4 T cells plus APC, and GC were measured by ELISA. (A) The levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α produced by bulk MLNC, CD4 T cells, and GC were significantly lower in CBA mice coinfected with H. polygyrus and S. mansoni than in CBA mice infected with S. mansoni alone. (B) The levels of IL-4 and TGF-β, but not the level of IL-5 or IL-10, produced by bulk MLNC were significantly higher in CBA mice coinfected with H. polygyrus and S. mansoni than in CBA mice infected with S. mansoni alone. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production, but not TGF-β production, was significantly increased in CD4 T cells, and production of all four cytokines was significantly increased in GC. The bars indicate the means of triplicate determinations, and the error bars indicate the standard deviations; background cytokine levels from unstimulated cells were subtracted. The results shown are from one experiment that was representative of three experiments in which similar results were obtained. Sm, S. mansoni; Hp, H. polygyrus; ns, not significant.