FIG. 4.

Ym1 and Foxp3 expression in livers from CBA mice coinfected with H. polygyrus and S. mansoni. mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR as described in Materials and Methods. The mRNA transcript levels of Ym1 and Foxp3 were significantly greater in CBA mice coinfected with H. polygyrus and S. mansoni than in CBA mice infected with S. mansoni alone. The bars indicate the means of two independent experiments using mRNA from three livers in each experiment, and the error bars indicate the standard deviations. Sm, S. mansoni; Hp, H. polygyrus.