Plasmids encoding the transcription factors MafA, PDX-1, BETA2/NeuroD, as well as one condition using all three, were co-transfected with the PANDER and phRL-TK luciferase reporter plasmids into NIH-3T3 cells. Twenty-four hours post-transfection, luciferase activity was measured and normalized to luciferase expression of the PANDER-luciferase plasmid co-transfected with pcDNA3.1 (empty vector). Data presented is from three experiments with each construct tested in triplicate, as % above ± S.E.M PANDER-luciferase plasmid co-transfected with pcDNA3.1. The asterisk indicates a P < 0.05 as determined by paired t-test with respect to luciferase activity from the PANDER-luciferase plasmid plus pcDNA3.1 empty vector. NS denotes not significant (P > 0.05) between PDX-1 and All (MafA, PDX-1, and BETA2/NeuroD co-transfected together) luciferase activity as determined by One-Way ANOVA.