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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Oct 28.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun 30;27(4):513–522. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.04.014

Table 2.

Plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma ammonia for fast and fed states in the control and APF groups

Amino acid	Control group (N = 4)				APF group (N = 6)
	1 week adequate		4 week adequate		1 week adequate		4 week APF
	Fed	Fast	Fed	Fast	Fed	Fast	Fed	Fast
Arginine	135 ± 17^a	127 ± 11	138 ± 18^a	126 ± 11	124 ± 29^a	96 ± 25	60 ± 7^a^,^b	86 ± 12^b
Citrulline	30 ± 4^a	36 ± 3	29 ± 5^a	36 ± 3	28 ± 3^a	32 ± 3	26 ± 2^a	34 ± 3
Ornithine	74 ± 5^a	65 ± 9	69 ± 7^a	60 ± 2	70 ± 6^a	60 ± 3	40 ± 7^b	43 ± 9^b
Proline	234 ± 8^a	189 ± 14	251 ± 15	185 ± 11a	238 ± 13^a	196 ± 12	152 ± 11^b	149 ± 9^b
Glutamate	48 ± 7^a	32 ± 9	46 ± 7^a	30 ± 8	51 ± 6^a	34 ± 5	22 ± 3^b	23 ± 3^b
Aspartate	20 ± 2^a	16 ± 2	19 ± 2^a	17 ± 1	19 ± 3^a	17 ± 2	6 ± 1^b	4 ± 0.5^b
Leucine	155 ± 29^a	124 ± 20	155 ± 29^a	122 ± 20	190 ± 24^a	145 ± 11	189 ± 21^a	144 ± 11
Ammonia		27 ± 1		29 ± 2		27 ± 4		30 ± 4

All values are mean ± SD and expressed as μM, except for ammonia (mg day⁻¹ l⁻¹).

^a

P < 0.05; mixed model ANOVA, fed vs. fast at 1 or 4 weeks for control or APF group.

^b

P < 0.05; mixed model ANOVA, change between week 1 and week 4 of APF group for a given state (fed or fasted).