Table 3.
Relative risk of colorectal cancer by anatomic site according to frequency of current exercise/sports and daily routine activity
| Frequency of current exercise/sports
|
Daily routine activity
|
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Never/Rarely | 1–3 times month |
1–2 times/ week |
3–4 times/ week |
≥5 times/ week |
Ptrend | Mostly sitting |
Combination of sitting and walking | Combination of walking and standing | Climbing stairs or hills or lifting or carrying light loads | Heavy work or arrying cheavy loads | Ptrend |
| MEN | ||||||||||||
| Proximal colon | ||||||||||||
| No. cases | 207 | 169 | 261 | 326 | 227 | 102 | 370 | 483 | 203 | 32 | ||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 0.85 (0.70–1.01) | 0.78 (0.65–0.93) | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.62 (0.42–0.93) | 0.008 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RRa (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.88 (0.74–1.06) | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) | 0.009 | 1.0 | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) | 0.65 (0.44–0.98) | 0.028 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RRa + BMI (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.033 | 1.0 | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 0.84 (0.67–1.04) | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.68 (0.45–1.02) | 0.070 |
| Distal colon | ||||||||||||
| No. cases | 185 | 131 | 205 | 266 | 184 | 95 | 309 | 388 | 134 | 45 | ||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | 0.74 (0.60–0.90) | 0.72 (0.60–0.87) | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 0.70 (0.56–0.89) | 0.70 (0.56–0.88) | 0.52 (0.40–0.67) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 0.004 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RRa (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | 0.84 (0.69–1.03) | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 0.79 (0.64–0.98) | 0.107 | 1.0 | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 0.75 (0.59–0.94) | 0.55 (0.42–0.73) | 0.94 (0.65–1.36) | 0.008 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RRa + BMI (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.87 (0.70–1.10) | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 0.83 (0.67–1.03) | 0.285 | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) | 0.59 (0.45–0.77) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 0.027 |
| Rectosigmoid and rectum | ||||||||||||
| No. cases | 174 | 124 | 189 | 254 | 182 | 58 | 271 | 378 | 178 | 38 | ||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.65–1.03) | 0.72 (0.58–0.88) | 0.73 (0.60–0.88) | 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 0.003 | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.76–1.35) | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | 1.29 (0.86–1.95) | 0.094 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RRa (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.82 (0.67–1.00) | 0.76 (0.61–0.94) | 0.074 | 1.0 | 1.09 (0.82–1.46) | 1.18 (0.89–1.56) | 1.19 (0.88–1.61) | 1.25 (0.82–1.90) | 0.163 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RRa + BMI (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.82 (0.67–1.00) | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | 0.093 | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.82–1.46) | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | 1.20 (0.88–1.63) | 1.26 (0.82–1.92) | 0.144 |
| WOMEN | ||||||||||||
| Proximal colon | ||||||||||||
| No. cases | 190 | 77 | 134 | 162 | 107 | 61 | 200 | 284 | 119 | 6 | ||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.75 (0.59–0.95) | 0.069 | 1.0 | 0.74 (0.55–0.98) | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.73 (0.53–0.99) | 0.42 (0.18–0.98) | 0.095 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RRa,b (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.73 (0.56–0.95) | 0.86 (0.68–1.07) | 0.87 (0.70–1.09) | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) | 0.857 | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.61–1.08) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | 0.46 (0.20–1.07) | 0.398 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RRa,b + BMI (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.73 (0.56–0.96) | 0.86 (0.69–1.09) | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.91 (0.70–1.17) | 0.969 | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.62–1.11) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.86 (0.62–1.19) | 0.47 (0.20–1.09) | 0.497 |
| Distal colon | ||||||||||||
| No. cases | 115 | 49 | 81 | 86 | 58 | 37 | 131 | 138 | 72 | 11 | ||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.70 (0.50–0.98) | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) | 0.65 (0.49–0.86) | 0.68 (0.49–0.93) | 0.018 | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.57–1.19) | 0.66 (0.46–0.95) | 0.78 (0.52–1.16) | 1.31 (0.67–2.56) | 0.372 |
| Multivariable–adjusted RRa,b (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) | 0.85 (0.64–1.14) | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.78 (0.56–1.09) | 0.208 | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.63–1.32) | 0.76 (0.52–1.10) | 0.91 (0.60–1.38) | 1.47 (0.74–2.92) | 0.861 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RRa,b + BMI (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.82 (0.58–1.14) | 0.336 | 1.0 | 0.94 (0.65–1.36) | 0.80 (0.55–1.17) | 0.97 (0.64–1.47) | 1.54 (0.77–3.08) | 0.868 |
| Rectosigmoid and rectum | ||||||||||||
| No. cases | 83 | 51 | 102 | 75 | 50 | 31 | 115 | 152 | 57 | 6 | ||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | 1.32 (0.99–1.77) | 0.79 (0.58–1.08) | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) | 0.028 | 1.0 | 0.88 (0.59–1.31) | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) | 0.77 (0.49–1.19) | 0.87 (0.36–2.08) | 0.337 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RRa,b (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.06 (0.74–1.51) | 1.47 (1.09–1.98) | 0.92 (0.66–1.28) | 0.95 (0.65–1.37) | 0.235 | 1.0 | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 0.80 (0.51–1.26) | 0.89 (0.37–2.16) | 0.479 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RRa,b + BMI (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 1.49 (1.10–2.01) | 0.94 (0.68–1.31) | 0.97 (0.67–1.41) | 0.290 | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | 0.96 (0.64–1.43) | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | 0.89 (0.36–2.16) | 0.525 |
a
Multivariable models are adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, race, family history of colon cancer, total energy and energy-adjusted intake of red meat, calcium, whole grains, fruit and vegtables. Models are mutually adjusted for frequency of vigorous activity and daily routine activity.
b
Also adjusted for menopausal hormone therapy use.