TABLE 2.

Dietary energy density (food only) by baseline demographic characteristics: The Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study^a

Variable	n	Baseline dietary energy density (Food only) Mean ± SEM	P Trend
Age (yr)
≤44 (ref)b	437	1.57 ± 0.02	<0.0001
45−54	1,148	1.51 ± 0.02*
55−64	810	1.44 ± 0.02*
≥65	318	1.41 ± 0.02*
BMI (kg/m2)
<25 (ref)b	1,151	1.41 ± 0.01	<0.0001
25−29.9	862	1.52 ± 0.01*
≥30	700	1.57 ± 0.01*
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	2,318	1.48 ± 0.01	Not applicable
White (ref)b
African American	102	1.65 ± 0.04*
Asian American	88	1.32 ± 0.04*
Hispanic	145	1.55 ± 0.03
Others	60	1.45 ± 0.05

^an = 2,713 (intervention and control group combined). 24-h dietary recalls were used to obtain dietary information via telephone interview. Abbreviations are as follows: SEM, standard error of the mean; BMI, body mass index; ref, reference.

^*indicates significant differences.

^bOne-way analysis of variance examined group differences.