Figure (4).

Schematic illustration of Na⁺ channel macromolecular complex. A: The pore forming α subunit of the channel interacts with β-subunits, cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (Modified after [50], used with permission). B: schematic presentation of the α subunit of the cardiac Na⁺ channel isoform (Na_v1.5) with reported sites of interaction with β subunits (restricted only to β1 and β2) and other regulatory proteins. Reprinted from [17], used with permission.