Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
| With Diabetes (n = 47) | Without Diabetes (n = 109) | p-value | |
| Age | 58 (12) | 54 (11) | 0.055 |
| Female/Male | 8/39 (17%/83%) | 34/75 (31%/69%) | 0.07 |
| Outpatients/inpatients | 41/6 (87%/13%) | 88/21 (81%/19%) | 0.325 |
| Previous variceal bleeding | 11 (23%) | 34 (32%) | 0.309 |
| Esophageal and/or fundic varices | 30 (77%) | 82 (79%) | 0.804 |
| Ascites | 19 (40%) | 45 (41%) | 0.920 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 11 (23%) | 12 (11%) | 0.045 |
| Number connection test A | |||
| Mean (SD) (sec) | 73 (62) | 53 (33) | 0.012 |
| Above 3 SDa | 9 (19%) | 11 (10%) | 0.122 |
| Number Connection test B | |||
| Mean (SD) (sec) | 164 (93) | 132 (72) | 0.035 |
| Above 3 SDa | 10 (21%) | 20 (18%) | 0.726 |
| Overt hepatic encephalopathy | 14 (30%) | 22 (20%) | 0.202 |
| (West-Haven)b | |||
| Grade I | 12 (25.5%) | 21 (19%) | |
| Grade II | 2 (4.5%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Minimal hepatic encephalopathyc | 3 (6%) | 8 (7%) | 0.83 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 17 (36%) | 30 (27%) | 0.274 |
| (minimal or overt) | |||
| Fasting plasma ammonium ion (μmol/l) | 60 (37) | 55 (34) | 0.433 |
| MELD score | 13.7 (6.5) | 13.9 (5.8) | 0.895 |
| Child-Pugh score | 8.6 (2.2) | 8.7 (2.4) | 0.883 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or n (%) as appropriate
a Compared to age-corrected normal values from the general population
b Overt hepatic encephalopathy according to West-Haven criteria: none with grade III or IV
c Defined as absence of overt hepatic encephalopathy and number connection test A > 3SD and/or number connection test B > 3SD