Table 1.
Detected metabolites and metabolite groups
| Effect size‡ | |||||
| Metabolite group | Number of peaks* |
t-test p-value† |
Hsch/Hc | Hc/C | Hc/R |
| Creatine | 2 | 0.000 | 2.3 | -2.3 | -4.9 |
| Lactate | 6 | 0.005 | 1.5 | -2.7 | -0.6 |
| Phosphocholine | 1 | 0.034 | 1.0 | -1.4 | -0.3 |
| Glycerophosphocholine | 1 | 0.042 | 1.0 | -1.5 | -0.7 |
| N-acetylaspartate | 5 | 0.040 | 0.9 | -2.2 | -1.8 |
| Acetate | 1 | 0.025 | -1.1 | -0.3 | 0.1 |
| Glycine | 1 | 0.024 | -1.1 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Choline | 1 | 0.010 | -1.4 | 4.0 | 3.4 |
| Unknown§ | 6 | 0.002 | -1.5 | 2.8 | 6.2 |
| Taurine | 3 | 0.080 | |||
| Glutamate/glutamine 1§¶ | 4 | 0.114 | |||
| Glutamate/glutamine 2¶ | 4 | 0.130 | |||
| Glutamine§ | 4 | 0.280 | |||
| Glutamate 1§¶ | 3 | 0.381 | |||
| Scyllo-inositol | 1 | 0.404 | |||
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid | 5 | 0.470 | |||
| Myo-inositol | 9 | 0.630 | |||
| Glutamate/proline | 1 | 0.710 | |||
| Myo-inositol/taurine | 3 | 0.797 | |||
| Glutamate 2¶ | 5 | 0.841 | |||
| N-acetylaspartylglutamate | 1 | 0.845 | |||
*Number of peaks in the NMR spectrum corresponding to the metabolite/metabolite group. †Comparison between metabolite concentrations in 10 human schizophrenia patients and 12 human control individuals. ‡Effect size was calculated as the difference between means of metabolite concentrations between the groups normalized to the average standard deviation within the group. Positive values indicate higher concentration in group one, negative values higher concentration in group two. Hc, human controls; Hsch, human schizophrenia patients; C, chimpanzees; R, rhesus macaques. §These peaks show a high degree of spectral overlap with other unidentified baseline peaks. ¶Glutamine/glutamate and glutamate peaks were separated into two independent groups based on the intensity correlation analysis (see Materials and methods).