Table 1.
Hemodynamic variables in instrumented awake sheep
| Variable | Time | |||||||
| 0 hour | 1 hour | 4 hours | 8 hours | 12 hours | 16 hours | 20 hours | 24 hours | |
| PVRI (dyne/s/cm5/m2) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 194 ± 22 | 192 ± 22 | 179 ± 38 | 198 ± 58 | 202 ± 40 | 193 ± 38 | 195 ± 33 | 166 ± 20 |
| LPS | 188 ± 12 | 810 ± 94* | 359 ± 31* | 252 ± 29 | 227 ± 21 | 266 ± 35 | 268 ± 54 | 248 ± 56 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 201 ± 10 | 847 ± 124* | 392 ± 44* | 215 ± 29† | 224 ± 39† | 209 ± 41† | 229 ± 38† | 210 ± 41† |
| PAOP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 8 ± 0 | 8 ± 0 | 9 ± 0 | 8 ± 1 | 10 ± 0 | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 8 ± 1 |
| LPS | 8 ± 0 | 18 ± 1* | 12 ± 0* | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* | 13 ± 1* | 11 ± 0* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 8 ± 1 | 15 ± 2* | 12 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 10 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 10 ± 1 |
| RAP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 3 ± 0 | 3 ± 1 | 6 ± 1* | 5 ± 1* | 5 ± 1 | 5 ± 1* | 5 ± 0* | 5 ± 1 |
| LPS | 4 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 7 ± 1* | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 1* | 7 ± 1* | 8 ± 1* | 8 ± 1* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 3 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 6 ± 1* | 5 ± 1* | 6 ± 1* | 6 ± 1* | 6 ± 2* | 5 ± 2 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 94 ± 8 | 91 ± 8 | 95 ± 6 | 92 ± 7 | 95 ± 4 | 97 ± 5 | 97 ± 6 | 92 ± 7 |
| LPS | 106 ± 4 | 139 ± 14 | 129 ± 7 | 151 ± 9 | 134 ± 8 | 127 ± 7 | 142 ± 12 | 137 ± 11 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 94 ± 5 | 158 ± 16* | 112 ± 9* | 151 ± 10* † | 138 ± 11* † | 128 ± 12* | 122 ± 13 | 123 ± 12 |
| MAP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 103 ± 3 | 100 ± 4 | 103 ± 3 | 106 ± 5 | 106 ± 2 | 101 ± 3 | 105 ± 1 | 100 ± 5 |
| LPS | 101 ± 3 | 107 ± 5 | 110 ± 3* | 90 ± 3* † | 88 ± 4* † | 93 ± 3† | 91 ± 3* † | 90 ± 3* † |
| LPS + rhAPC | 101 ± 3 | 105 ± 4 | 108 ± 2 | 95 ± 4 | 95 ± 4 | 96 ± 5 | 95 ± 4 | 98 ± 5 |
| SVRI (dyne/s/cm5/m2) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 1677 ± 70 | 1688 ± 82 | 1610 ± 108 | 1877 ± 327 | 1918 ± 302 | 1680 ± 204 | 1872 ± 186 | 1671 ± 268 |
| LPS | 1587 ± 69 | 1976 ± 165* | 1962 ± 90* | 1212 ± 87* † | 1089 ± 82* † | 1278 ± 101* † | 1267 ± 139* † | 1194 ± 111* † |
| LPS + rhAPC | 1559 ± 68 | 1789 ± 153 | 1910 ± 107* | 1302 ± 153† | 1226 ± 121† | 1268 ± 119† | 1337 ± 141† | 1367 ± 135† |
| Cardiac index (l/min/m2) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.6 |
| LPS | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.2* | 6.0 ± 0.5† | 6.0 ± 0.2† | 5.7 ± 0.3† | 5.9 ± 0.5† | 6.0 ± 0.5† |
| LPS + rhAPC | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.3† | 6.1 ± 0.4† | 5.9 ± 0.4† | 5.7 ± 0.5† | 5.8 ± 0.5† |
| SVI (ml/beat/m2) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 57 ± 3 | 57 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 54 ± 6 | 52 ± 7 | 55 ± 7 | 52 ± 8 | 57 ± 8 |
| LPS | 49 ± 2 | 36 ± 2* | 33 ± 2* | 40 ± 4 | 46 ± 3 | 45 ± 2 | 44 ± 5 | 46 ± 4 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 55 ± 2 | 33 ± 4* | 40 ± 3* | 39 ± 3* | 46 ± 4* | 49 ± 5 | 50† ± 5 | 49 ± 5 |
| LAP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 5 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 |
| LPS | 5 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 8 ± 1* | 8 ± 1* | 8 ± 1* | 9 ± 1* | 9 ± 1* | 9 ± 1* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 5 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 9 ± 2* | 8 ± 2* | 9 ± 2* | 8 ± 2* | 9 ± 2* |
| LVSWI (g/m/m2) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 67 ± 3 | 69 ± 4 | 68 ± 3 | 69 ± 12 | 62 ± 8 | 63 ± 11 | 61 ± 12 | 64 ± 11 |
| LPS | 62 ± 3 | 42 ± 3* | 44 ± 2* | 43 ± 4* | 49 ± 5 | 50 ± 3* | 47 ± 6* | 49 ± 5* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 69 ± 4 | 42 ± 6* | 52 ± 4* | 44 ± 3* | 53 ± 4* | 56 ± 5* | 56 ± 5* | 59 ± 7 |
| RVSWI (g/m/m2) | ||||||||
| rhAPC | 11 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 10 ± 2 |
| LPS | 9 ± 0 | 22 ± 1* | 9 ± 0 | 11 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 12 ± 1* | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 10 ± 1 | 21 ± 2* | 11 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 11 ± 2 |
Data presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. rhAPC, recombinant human activated protein C alone (n = 4); LPS, lipopolysaccharide group (n = 8); LPS + rhAPC, rhAPC-treated LPS group (n = 9); PVRI, pulmonary vascular resistance index; PAOP, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SVRI, systemic vascular resistance index; SVI, stroke volume index; LAP, left atrial pressure; LVSWI, left ventricle stroke work index; RVSWI, right ventricle stroke work index. *P < 0.05 from t = 0 hours. †P < 0.05 from t = 4 hours.