Table 2.
Respiratory and metabolic variables in instrumented awake sheep
| Time | |||||||
| 0 hours | 4 hours | 8 hours | 12 hours | 16 hours | 20 hours | 24 hours | |
| SaO2 (%) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 96 ± 3 | 95 ± 3 | 98 ± 1 | 99 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | 99 ± 1 |
| LPS | 98 ± 0 | 98 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | 97 ± 2 | 97 ± 2 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 98 ± 0 | 96 ± 1 | 98 ± 0 | 98 ± 1 | 97 ± 1 | 97 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 |
| SvO2 (%) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 61 ± 4 | 59 ± 4 | 61 ± 5 | 59 ± 5 | 61 ± 4 | 61 ± 5 | 63 ± 4 |
| LPS | 62 ± 3 | 62 ± 3 | 69 ± 2* † | 67 ± 3* | 64 ± 3 | 63 ± 3 | 61 ± 3 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 63 ± 3 | 61 ± 3 | 70 ± 3† | 66 ± 2† | 67 ± 2* † | 66 ± 2 | 67 ± 2* † |
| DO2I (ml/min/m2) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 640 ± 64 | 649 ± 7 | 626 ± 85 | 573 ± 63 | 614 ± 39 | 595 ± 72 | 654 ± 54 |
| LPS | 608 ± 32 | 585 ± 48 | 785 ± 53* | 763 ± 62* | 731 ± 45* | 748 ± 70* | 751 ± 73* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 642 ± 52 | 611 ± 38 | 802 ± 76* † | 772 ± 58† | 732 ± 51† | 693 ± 51 | 704 ± 55 |
| VO2I (ml/min/m2) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 225 ± 37 | 244 ± 26 | 243 ± 63 | 222 ± 46 | 215 ± 28 | 206 ± 12 | 218 ± 28 |
| LPS | 226 ± 7 | 207 ± 11 | 232 ± 15 | 234 ± 14 | 252 ± 19 | 261 ± 24 | 277 ± 30 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 229 ± 26 | 231 ± 22 | 225 ± 21 | 249 ± 20 | 232 ± 17 | 227 ± 19 | 227 ± 22 |
| Qs/Qt | |||||||
| rhAPC | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| LPS | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.04 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 |
| Arterial pH | |||||||
| rhAPC | 7.50 ± 0.01 | 7.47 ± 0.01 | 7.44 ± 0.03 | 7.44 ± 0.04 | 7.45 ± 0.03 | 7.49 ± 0.02 | 7.48 ± 0.02 |
| LPS | 7.51 ± 0.01 | 7.55 ± 0.01 | 7.54 ± 0.01 | 7.54 ± 0.01 | 7.52 ± 0.03 | 7.53 ± 0.03 | 7.53 ± 0.03 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 7.49 ± 0.02 | 7.54 ± 0.01* | 7.51 ± 0.01 | 7.49 ± 0.01† | 7.50 ± 0.01† | 7.52 ± 0.01* † | 7.51 ± 0.01† |
| PaCO2 (kPa) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 33 ± 2 | 33 ± 1 | 33 ± 1 | 34 ± 2 | 35 ± 1 | 33 ± 1 | 33 ± 1 |
| LPS | 36 ± 1 | 35 ± 3 | 33 ± 1 | 33 ± 1 | 34 ± 1 | 34 ± 1 | 35 ± 1 |
| LPS + rhAPC | 36 ± 1 | 31 ± 2* | 32 ± 1* | 34 ± 2 | 36 ± 2† | 35 ± 2† | 35 ± 2† |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 9.1 ± 1.2 | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 8.7 ± 1.0 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 9.2 ± 1.1 | 9.3 ± 1.1 |
| LPS | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 10.4 ± 0.6* | 10,3 ± 0.7* | 9.6 ± 0.6* † | 9.7 ± 0.7* | 9.7 ± 0.6* | 9.6 ± 0.7* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 10.8 ± 0.6* | 10.2 ± 0.6† | 9.6 ± 0.6† | 9.4 ± 0.5† | 9.3 ± 0.4† | 9.4 ± 0.5† |
| Temperature (°C) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 39.4 ± 0.1 | 39.4 ± 0.1 | 39.3 ± 0.2 | 39.4 ± 0.2 | 39.3 ± 0.2 | 39.2 ± 0.2 | 39.1 ± 0.1 |
| LPS | 39.2 ± 0.2 | 40.8 ± 0.3* | 40.2 ± 0.2* | 40.3 ± 0.2* | 40.5 ± 0.2* | 40.3 ± 0.3* | 40.1 ± 0.2* |
| LPS + rhAPC | 39.1 ± 0.1 | 41.0 ± 0.3* | 40.2 ± 0.2* † | 40.0 ± 0.1* † | 40.0 ± 0.1* † | 40.0 ± 0.2* † | 39.9 ± 0.2* † |
| Antithrombin III plasma concentration (%) | |||||||
| rhAPC | 70 ± 2 | 74 ± 2 | 70 ± 2 | 70 ± 3 | |||
| LPS | 79 ± 3 | 71 ± 4* | 66 ± 4* † | 63 ± 4* † | |||
| LPS + rhAPC | 69 ± 3 | 69 ± 3 | 62 ± 3* † | 58 ± 2* † | |||
Data presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. rhAPC, recombinant human activated protein C alone group (n = 4); LPS, lipopolysaccharide group (n = 8); LPS + rhAPC, rhAPC-treated LPS group (n = 9). SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; SvO2, central venous oxygen saturation; DO2I, oxygen delivery index; VO2I, oxygen consumption index; Qs/Qt, venous admixture. *P < 0.05 from t = 0 hours. †P < 0.05 from t = 4 hours.