Fig. 3: Three-dimensional significance probability mapping of the thalamus in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia using positron emission tomography (PET) superimposed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Note the significantly decreased glucose metabolic rate, located bilaterally in the region of the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) in patients with schizophrenia. For more details about methodologic approaches, see reference.73 Reprinted with permission from the American Journal of Psychiatry,73 © 1999 American Psychiatric Association. AV = anteroventral nucleus; CeM = central median nucleus; MD = mediodorsal nucleus; Pul = pulvinar nucleus; VA = ventral anterior nucleus; VL = ventral lateral nucleus; VPL = ventral posterior lateral nucleus.