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Mean (solid line) and standard error (dashed line) for elbow angle, elbow moment, horizontal ground reaction force (GRF), and vertical GRF for a 45-kg goat as percent of stance. The gray area indicates stance (foot-on to foot-off) and the dashed line indicates peak elbow flexion. Forelimb use resulted in differences in joint kinematic, force, and moment profiles. Note different scales for horizontal vs. vertical GRF.
