Fig. 6.
Pressure-volume relationships comparing the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ELV) and the slope of the line joining the ESP and EDV points (EA) between healthy controls (left) and systolic heart failure (HF) patients (right). Systolic HF patients have a downward and rightward shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, reflecting a reduced LV contractility. In addition, systolic HF patients have a higher EA than healthy controls. Thus, systolic HF patients have a higher resting arterial-ventricular coupling ratio than healthy controls.