Table 7.

Common Contributing Medications and Substances

Category	Examples
Antidepressants	SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine), venlafaxine, duloxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Stimulants	Caffeine, methylphenidate, amphetamine derivatives, ephedrine and derivatives, cocaine
Decongestants	Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine
Narcotic analgesics	Oxycodone, codeine, propoxyphene
Cardiovascular	β-Blockers, α-receptor agonists and antagonists, diuretics, lipid-lowering agents
Pulmonary Alcohol	Theophylline, albuterol