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. 2008 Nov 7;3(11):e3671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003671

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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(a) Estimated vaccine efficacy as a function of the percentage of subjects that are misallocated (m) with respect to their CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype across the placebo or vaccine trial arms. The model is for a preventive vaccine that has a true efficacy of 50%. The upper line in this plot depicts estimated vaccine efficacy as a function of misallocation of subjects with a low GRG towards the vaccine arm, resulting in a fallacious increase in the estimated vaccine efficacy. The lower line depicts the converse situation, i.e., misallocation of subjects with a low GRG towards the placebo arm, resulting in a fallacious decrease in the estimated vaccine efficacy. (b) Plots depict the difference (relative error) between the true and estimated vaccine efficacy as a percentage of the true vaccine efficacy for varying values of m. Methods are described in SOM, section 2.