. 2008 Sep 12;59(14):3885–3901. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ern226

Table 3.

Characteristics of members of the VOC superfamily

Name	Abbreviation	Organism	Metal ion	Co-enzyme	Function	Functional unit	Reference
Bleomycin resistance protein	BRP	Fungi and eubacteria	No		Sequesters bleomycin and related compounds(no degradation or transformation)	Homodimer^*1	Bergdoll et al., 1998
2,3-Dihydroxy-biphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (estradiol dioxygenase	DHBD	Eubacteria	Fe²⁺		Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds (e.g. degrades biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls)	Monomer ^*1	Bergdoll et al., 1998
Glyoxalase I (small)	GLO	Eubacteria, plants and animals	Zn²⁺	glutathione	Isomerization reaction: glutathione-dependent inactivation of toxic methylglyoxal	Homodimer^*1	Bergdoll et al., 1998
Glyoxalase I (large)	GLO	Fungi	Zn²⁺	glutathione	Isomerization reaction: glutathione-dependent inactivation of toxic methylglyoxal	Monomer^*2	Thornalley, 2003
Fosfomycin resistance protein	FosA	Eubacteria	Mn²⁺	glutathione	Inactivation of the antibiotic fosfomycin by nucleophilic opening of epoxide ring	Homodimer^*3	Rigsby et al., 2007
Methylmalonyl-CoA eprimerase	MMCE	Eubacteria, Archea and animals	Co²⁺		Epimerization reaction: catalyses conversion of (2R)-methylmalonyl-CoA to (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA. Methylmalonyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate in several degradation pathways (e.g. lipids and branched amino acids) and biosynthetic pathways (e.g. important polyketide antibiotics)	Homodimer^*4	McCarthy et al., 2001