FIG. 2.

Shock pressure survival curves of wild-type B. subtilis spores sandwiched between gabbro disks. Shown are data for preshock temperatures of −78.5°C (filled circles) and 20°C (open circles). Data are expressed as averages and standard deviations. Survival data for spores at a preshock temperature of 20°C were taken from data described previously by Horneck et al. (21). The variation of the error bars of 20, 30, and 40 GPa represents the variation of the shock pressure measured on the basis of the refractive index of plagioclase grains. For 5 and 10 GPa, the refractive indices were not measured. Otherwise, error bars for pressure data not shown were smaller than the symbol.