Table 2.

Univariate analysis of cases (SRQ ≥ 12) with non-cases on demographic variables, living circumstances, confrontations with violence (self-experience, witnessing), and personal consequences stratified by gender (n = 510)

Variable	SRQ ≥ 12 Males n = 270				SRQ ≥ 12 Females n = 240				SRQ ≥ 12 all n = 510
	N	OR	CI	Pi	N	OR	CI	Pi	N	ORiii	CI	Piiii
Demographics
Marital status
-Not married	65	1			60	1			125	1
-Married	203	1.7	0.8–3.6	0.178	176	1.8	1.0–3.3	0.865	379	1.8*	1.1–2.8	0.023
Living
Circumstances
Currently Feeling Safe
-Always/most	144	1			120	1			264	1
-Occasionally/never	126	2.3 **	1.3–4.1	0.006	118	2.0 *	1.2–3.3	0.014	224	2.1**	1.4–3.1	0.000
Dependency for Living
-Self supportive, nearly	194	1			185	1			379	1
-Highly, total dependant	74	1.6	0.9–3.0	0.147	53	2.4 **	1.3–4.6	0.007	127	2.0**	1.3–3.1	0.002
Having Two meals a day
-Always, sometimes	258	1	1.1–15.9		229				487	1
-Rarely, never	9	4.1		0.068	7	1.8	0.4–8.1	0.352 ii	16	2.8	1.0–7.6	0.07
Witnessing
Seeing wounded people
-No	73	1			115	1			188	1
-Yes	197	2.1*	1.1–4.5	0.043	125	1.8*	1.0–3.1	0.030	322	2.0**	1.3–3.0	0.002
Witnessed people being arrested
-No	44	1			81	1			125	1
-Yes	226	2.8*	1.1–7.7	0.044	159	2.0*	1.2–3.6	0.018	385	2.3**	1.4–3.7	0.001
Witnessed people being killed
-No	151	1			155	1			306	1
-Yes	119	1.6	0.9–2.8	0.123	85	2.0*	1.6–3.4	0.018	204	1.8**	1.2–2.6	0.004
Witness people being tortured
-No	68	1			101				169	1
-Yes	202	1.7	0.9–3.4	0.179	139	2.3**	1.4–4.0	0.003	341	2.1**	1.3–3.1	0.001
Witnessed people being maltreated/molested
-No	46	1			90				136	1
-Yes	224	1.6	0.7–3.8	0.301	150	2.1*	1.2–3.6	0.016	374	1.9**	1.2–3.1	0.005
Heard about cases of rape
-No	67	1			117	1			184	1
-Yes	203	2.2	1.0–4.5	0.054	123	1.0	0.6–1.6	0.958	326	1.3	0.9–2.0	0.256
Witnessed rape
-No	223	1			219	1			442	1
-Yes	47	1.8	0.9–3.5	0.134	21	1.8	0.7–4.5	0.269	68	1.8*	1.0–3.1	0.045
Self-experienced
Being maltreated
-No	110	1			175	1			285	1
-Yes	160	2.4**	1.3–4.5	0.007	65	2.0*	1.1–3.5	0.032	225	2.2**	1.4–3.3	<0.001
Being forced to do labour
-No	144	1			194	1			338	1
-Yes	126	2.5**	1.4–4.4	0.002	46	1.4	0.7–2.7	0.396	172	1.9**	1.3–2.9	0.003
Being forced housing any of the parties
-No	203	1			213	1			426	1
-Yes	67	2.4**	1.3–4.3	0.008	27	0.7	0.3–1.7	0.621	94	1.53x	0.95–2.5	0.100
Being arrested/kidnapped									424
-No	195				229	1			86	1
-Yes	75	3.2***	1.8–5.8	< 0.001	11	6.3**	1.3-30.0		0.010ii		3.6**	2.1–6.2	<0.000
Modesty being violated
-No	224	1			227	1			451	1
-Yes	46	4.2***	2.1–8.1	<0.000	13	2.2	0.7–6.9	0.1416	59	3.5**	2.0–6.2	<0.000
Being injured because of conflict
-Not injured	248	1			234	1			484	1
-Injured	22	4.3 **	1.8–10.5	0.002	6	2.7	0.5-14.9	0.452	28	3.8**	1.7–8.5	0.001
Consequences of violence
Moving voluntarily for safety reasons
-No	131	1			143	1			274	1
-Yes	139	2.3**	1.3–4.1	0.007	97	1.8*	1.0–3.0	0.048	236	2.0**	1.3–2.9	<0.000
Forced to move (being displaced)
No	221	1			199	1			420	1
Yes	48	4.2***	2.2–8.2	<0.000	40	2.0	1.0–3.9	0.075	88	2.9**	1.8–4.6	<0.000
Being disabled
-No	232	1			228	1			460	1
-Yes	38	3.9***	1.9–8.0	<0.000	10	3.2	0.8-12.7	0.079	48	3.7**	2.0–7.1	<0.000
Having lost house
-No	253	1			225	1			478
-Yes	17	1.3	0.4–3.9	0.404	13	1.6	0.5–4.9	0.592	30	1.5	0.7–3.1	0.468
Having lost possessions
-No	197	1			183	1			380	1
Yes	73	2.6**	1.4–4.5	0.002	57	1.6	0.9–3.0	0.1417	130	2.1	1.3–3.1	0.001

i P Chi square Yates corrected unless indicated differently

ii Fisher exact test

iii OR adjusted for gender

iiii P Mantel Heinzel Chi square corrected unless indicated differently

* Signifiant P < 0.05

** Significant P < 0.01

*** Significant P < 0.001

χ Chi-square for differing Odds Ratios by gender is significant (p = 0.028) suggesting interaction