(a) (i) Ph3P = CHCO2Et, toluene, reflux, 4 h; (ii) KOH, EtOH-H2O, reflux, 3 h; (b) (i) (COCl)2, toluene, 80 °C, 5 h; (ii) NaN3, acetone, rt, 2 h; (c) I2, o-dichlorobenzene, reflux, 1 h; (d) (i) Br(CH2)3Cl, DMF, rt, overnight; (ii) NaI, CH3CN, reflux, overnight; (e) AIBN, n-Bu3SnH, toluene, reflux, 6 h; (f) NaAl(OCH2CH2OMe)2H2, dioxane, 2 h; (g) light, CHCl3; (h) NBS, CHCl3, rt, 1 h.