Table 1.
SES and health indicators for quintiles of municipios SES
Parameter |
Municipio SES quintile |
All | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lowest | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | Highest | ||
No. of municipios | 1,369 | 658 | 301 | 80 | 46 | 2,454 |
Average municipio population | 15,000 | 30,000 | 67,000 | 250,000 | 435,000 | 41,000 |
No. of municipio units | 692 | 433 | 222 | 66 | 45 | 1,458 |
Urban, % | 1 | 24 | 59 | 90 | 97 | 54 |
Literate, % | 76 | 89 | 94 | 96 | 97 | 91 |
Population >22 years of age who have completed secondary school, % | 13 | 21 | 31 | 39 | 47 | 30 |
Population speaking an indigenous language, % | 26 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Child mortality rate (per 1,000 child-years) | ||||||
All causes | 8.5 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 5.7 |
Lower respiratory infections* | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Diarrhea* | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Cardiovascular disease* mortality (age-standardized, per 1,000) | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.05 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease* mortality (age-standardized, per 1,000) | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
Population using solid fuels, % | 49 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 15 |
Population exposed to each water and sanitation risk level (see Table S4 for definitions) | ||||||
Low, % | 20 | 49 | 73 | 82 | 91 | 63 |
Medium, % | 45 | 37 | 21 | 14 | 7 | 25 |
High, % | 16 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Very high, % | 18 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Population living in municipios within ranges of mean annual ambient PM2.5 concentration | ||||||
<15 μg/m3, % | 99 | 76 | 42 | 16 | 3 | 47 |
15–25 μg/m3, % | 0 | 5 | 30 | 25 | 13 | 15 |
25–39 μg/m3, % | 1 | 19 | 28 | 59 | 84 | 38 |
Quintiles were constructed based on cumulative poopulation, such that each quintile contains equal population but not an equal number of municipios.
*International classification of disease (ICD-10) codes for selected diseases are: lower respiratory infections, J10–J18, J20–J22; diarrhea, A01, A03–A04, A06–A09; cardiovascular disease, I10–I13, I20–I25, I30–I33, I38, I40, I42, I60–I69; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J40–J44.