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. 2008 Oct 30;105(44):16860–16865. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808927105

Table 1.

SES and health indicators for quintiles of municipios SES

Parameter Municipio SES quintile
All
Lowest 2nd 3rd 4th Highest
No. of municipios 1,369 658 301 80 46 2,454
Average municipio population 15,000 30,000 67,000 250,000 435,000 41,000
No. of municipio units 692 433 222 66 45 1,458
Urban, % 1 24 59 90 97 54
Literate, % 76 89 94 96 97 91
Population >22 years of age who have completed secondary school, % 13 21 31 39 47 30
Population speaking an indigenous language, % 26 4 2 2 1 7
Child mortality rate (per 1,000 child-years)
    All causes 8.5 5.3 4.1 3.9 3.4 5.7
    Lower respiratory infections* 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5
    Diarrhea* 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3
Cardiovascular disease* mortality (age-standardized, per 1,000) 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.00 1.03 1.05
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease* mortality (age-standardized, per 1,000) 0.18 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.18
Population using solid fuels, % 49 16 4 2 0 15
Population exposed to each water and sanitation risk level (see Table S4 for definitions)
    Low, % 20 49 73 82 91 63
    Medium, % 45 37 21 14 7 25
    High, % 16 5 3 2 1 5
    Very high, % 18 9 3 2 1 7
Population living in municipios within ranges of mean annual ambient PM2.5 concentration
    <15 μg/m3, % 99 76 42 16 3 47
    15–25 μg/m3, % 0 5 30 25 13 15
    25–39 μg/m3, % 1 19 28 59 84 38

Quintiles were constructed based on cumulative poopulation, such that each quintile contains equal population but not an equal number of municipios.

*International classification of disease (ICD-10) codes for selected diseases are: lower respiratory infections, J10–J18, J20–J22; diarrhea, A01, A03–A04, A06–A09; cardiovascular disease, I10–I13, I20–I25, I30–I33, I38, I40, I42, I60–I69; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J40–J44.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure