Table 3 Experimental study of the efficacy of hot water immersion following evenomation.

Paper	N/group/type	Intervention	Outcome	Comments
Russell6	6 volunteers (each		Initial pain relief:	Small numbers
1958	received 2 injections			No randomisation. Atypical crossover
	of stingray venom)	HWI	6/6	(Initially 6 in each arm, then all 12 to
		Cold water	0/6	HWI simultaneously, then alternating
				with cold water)
	Experimental paired trial		Complete analgesia	No statistical analysis
	with crossover		at 30 minutes:
		HWI	5/5

HWI, hot water immersion.