Table 5 Non‐systematic reviews on marine envenomation.

Paper	Advice relating to hot water immersion (HWI)/heat application	Comments
Fenner16	HWI for stingray and fish spine stings,	Literature review of marine envenomation
2002	for analgesic effect	No methodology, critical appraisal or meta‐analysis
Fenner17	HWI for stingray and stonefish stings,	Literature review of marine envenomation
2000	for analgesic effect	No methodology, critical appraisal or meta‐analysis
Hawdon and	HWI for stonefish and “other stinging	Literature review of marine envenomation
Winkel18	fish”; for analgesic effect	No methodology, critical appraisal or meta‐analysis
1997
Meyer19	HWI for stingray injuries, for analgesic	Literature review of stingray injuries
1997	effect	No methodology, critical appraisal or meta‐analysis
Auerbach5	HWI for puncture wounds of stingray,	Literature review of marine envenomation
1991	scorpion fish, stonefish, sea‐urchin,	No methodology, critical appraisal or meta‐analysis
	starfish, catfish, Weever fish,
	for analgesic effect	Clear treatment algorithm proposed.