Table 3.

Factors Perceived to Have Influenced Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions

Intervention	Categories and Themes
PMR	Characteristics of the Intervention
	Active physical involvement in muscle tension / contraction
	Guided instructions
	Source of distraction
	Soothing tone of voice
	Facilitated a mind-body connection
	Produced other sensations – relaxation, energy
	Patient Characteristics / Preferences
	Previous experience with holistic therapies
	Awareness of personal control over pain
	Having a positive attitude
	Physical capacity / freedom of movement
	Energy level
Guided Imagery	Characteristics of the Intervention
	Source of distraction
	Provided uninterrupted quiet time
	Soothing tone of voice
	Stimulated relaxation
	Anesthetic images
	Guided instructions
	Pacing of instructions
	Relevance to pain
	No active physical involvement
	Patient Characteristics / Preferences
	Pain characteristics – type, intensity
	Individual imaging ability
	Preference for specific mental images
	Preferred coping style