Table 2.

Subjective (Total Epworth Sleepiness Score and Single Questions) and Objective Sleepiness with Corresponding Effect Sizes, Before/After Real and Sham CPAP

	Before (Baseline)	After (Follow-up)	Effect size	P before/ after	Difference in effect sizes*	P for effect sizes*
“Sham” CPAP
ESS, total score	15.2 ± 4.0	11.9 ± 5.9	0.82	0.001
Q1 (sitting)	2.3 ± 0.9	1.9 ± 1.1	0.48	0.009
Q2 (watching TV)	2.6 ± 0.7	1.9 ± 1.0	0.99	<0.0001
Q3 (public place)	1.8 ± 1.0	1.3 ± 1.0	0.52	0.003
Q4 (car passenger)	2.2 ± 1.0	1.7 ± 1.1	0.43	0.001
Q5 (lying down)	2.7 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 0.9	0.63	0.003
Q6 (talking)	0.9 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.9	0.23	0.040
Q7 (after lunch)	2.0 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 1.0	0.45	0.013
Q8 (traffic light)	0.6 ± 0.8	0.4 ± 0.7	0.41	0.003
Osler test (min)	17.3 ± 13.1	18.3 ± 14.3	0.08	0.58
CPAP use (h/night)		3.9 ± 2.5
‘Real” CPAP
ESS, total score	15.8 ± 4.0	6.8 ± 5.1	2.15	<0.0001	1.33	<0.0001
Q1 (sitting)	2.4 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.9	1.59	<0.0001	1.11	<0.0001
Q2 (watching TV)	2.5 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.9	2.02	<0.0001	1.03	<0.0001
Q3 (public place)	2.0 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.8	1.39	<0.0001	0.87	<0.0001
Q4 (car passenger)	2.2 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 1.0	1.23	<0.0001	0.79	<0.0001
Q5 (lying down)	2.7 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 1.0	1.64	<0.0001	1.01	0.002
Q6 (talking)	1.2 ± 0.9	0.3 ± 0.6	1.07	<0.0001	0.84	<0.0001
Q7 (after lunch)	2.1 ± 0.8	0.9 ± 1.0	1.41	<0.0001	0.96	<0.0001
Q8 (driving a car)	0.7 ± 0.8	0.2 ± 0.5	0.76	<0.0001	0.35	0.09
Osler test (min)	18.1 ± 13.1	26.8 ± 12.9	0.67	<0.0001	0.59	0.007
CPAP use (hours/night)		4.7 ± 2.1

Values are means and standard deviations. ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale score; Q = ESS, single questions; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure.

^*P values calculated for comparison between real and sham CPAP group. P, Bold = statistically significant. Effect size, Bold = medium-large effect size (>0.5). Effect size difference, Bold = medium-large difference (>0.5).