Gel retardation assay. amtB (220 bp) (A), glnA (219 bp) (B), and glnR (249 bp) (C) apparent promoter fragments were incubated with different amounts of purified GlnR protein. Lanes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 contained 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 μl of a 0.3-μg μl−1 solution, respectively.