Table 2. Effect of growth factors on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, cementoblasts (CM) and osteoblasts (OB).
| Growth factor effects | Migration | Proliferation | Differentiation | Matrix gene expression | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell types | PDL | CM | OB | PDL | CM | OB | PDL | CM | OB | PDL | CM | OB |
| PDGF | ++ | ? | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | − | − | − | ++ | +/− | + |
| IGF-1 | ++ | ? | ++ | + | ++ | + | − | ? | + | + | +/− | ++ |
| FGF-2 | +++ | ? | +/− | +++ | ? | +++ | − | ? | − | +/− | ? | +/− |
| TGF-β | + | ? | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++/− | + | − | +/− | ++ | +/− | ++ |
| BMPs | ? | ? | ++ | 0 | − | + | − | + | +++ | ? | ++ | ++ |
| EMD | ++ | ? | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | +/− | + | + | ++/− | ++/− |
(−) Inhibition; (0) no effect; (+) effect; (?) unknown effect; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; EMD, enamel matrix derivative.