Fig. 4.
The Th2 Cytokine IL-4, a factor in modulation of microglia response. (A) N9 microglia cells, uninfected (U) or transduced with human SOD1G93A (G93A), SOD1WT (WT), empty vector (EV) lentivirus, were treated with IL-4, and assayed for human SOD1, IGF-1, IL-6 expression. Experiments performed in triplicate, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001, by t test. (B) Primary adult microglia cultured from SOD1G93A or non-Tg mice were treated with IL-4 or IFN-γ. IL-4 induced IGF-1 and CD11c expression by quantitative PCR. Microglia display morphological changes by light microscopy. By FACS, IL-4 induces CD11c while IFN-γ induces MHC Class II surface expression; CD40 levels were unaffected (tinted histograms, untreated microglia) (C) IL-4 ELISPOT performed on CNS isolated leukocytes at day 135, stimulated with Con A (Con. A) or untreated (UT) for 48 h; numbers of IL-4 secreting cell colonies were determined (P value by t test).