Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, hemodynamic data and the time interval details of the entire patient group and the control group.
| Controls n = 24 | IDCM-na n = 30 | IDCM-LBBB n = 17 | LBBB n = 11 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 49 | ± | 12 | 52 | ± | 15 | 54 | ± | 12 | 41 | ± | 16* | |
| Male/ female ratio | 20 | : | 4 | 24 | : | 6 | 14 | : | 3 | 9 | : | 2 | |
| Hypertension/ Diabetes mellitus (n) | 0 | : | 0 | 7 | : | 2 | 3 | : | 2 | 3 | : | 0 | |
| Baseline LV end-diastolic diameter (cm) | - | ± | - | 7.0 | ± | 0.8 | 7.1 | ± | 1.0 | 5.3 | ± | 1.1† | |
| Duration of exercise (min) | 19 | ± | 6 | 12 | ± | 4* | 11 | ± | 5* | 16 | ± | 6*,† | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 60 | ± | 7 | 23 | ± | 7* | 20 | ± | 7* | 61 | ± | 10† | |
| peak exercise | 71 | ± | 10 | 24 | ± | 8* | 18 | ± | 10* | 66 | ± | 11† | |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 73 | ± | 14 | 73 | ± | 11 | 80 | ± | 9 | 67 | ± | 6 | |
| peak exercise | 127 | ± | 23 | 114 | ± | 17* | 122 | ± | 17 | 117 | ± | 17* | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 120 | ± | 15 | 123 | ± | 16 | 122 | ± | 20 | 129 | ± | 24 | |
| peak exercise | 168 | ± | 20 | 155 | ± | 24 | 159 | ± | 26 | 173 | ± | 26 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 83 | ± | 13 | 81 | ± | 9 | 84 | ± | 12 | 88 | ± | 14 | |
| peak exercise | 87 | ± | 8 | 85 | ± | 7 | 89 | ± | 10 | 93 | ± | 14 | |
| Duration of systole (ms) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 299 | ± | 45 | 308 | ± | 48 | 325 | ± | 45 | 337 | ± | 32*,† | |
| peak exercise | 217 | ± | 42 | 258 | ± | 55* | 254 | ± | 42* | 245 | ± | 18* | |
| Relative duration of systole (s/min) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 21.5 | ± | 3.2 | 22.4 | ± | 3.6# | 25.9 | ± | 3.4* | 22.6 | ± | 2.1 | |
| peak exercise | 26.7 | ± | 3.2 | 29.4 | ± | 4.1 | 30.9 | ± | 3.4* | 28.6 | ± | 2.9 | |
| Relative duration of diastole (s/min) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 38.5 | ± | 3.2 | 37.6 | ± | 3.6# | 34.1 | ± | 3.4* | 37.4 | ± | 2.1 | |
| peak exercise | 33.3 | ± | 3.2 | 30.6 | ± | 4.1 | 29.1 | ± | 3.4* | 31.4 | ± | 2.9 | |
| RV-LV delay (°) | |||||||||||||
| rest | -0.4 | ± | 6.8 | 1.5 | ± | 6.4# | 9.3 | ± | 7.3* | 8.6 | ± | 6.7*,† | |
| peak exercise | -1.3 | ± | 6.1 | 5.1 | ± | 7.7* | 10.4 | ± | 7.5* | 7.9 | ± | 9.5* | |
| Loss of diastolic time per beat (ms) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 5.4 | ± | 31# | 39.1 | ± | 32* | 20.1 | ± | 29*,† | ||||
| peak exercise | 28.1 | ± | 36* | 37.3 | ± | 30* | 21.8 | ± | 16* | ||||
| Cardiac index (l/min/m2) | |||||||||||||
| rest | - | - | 2.9 | ± | 0.9 | 2.9 | ± | 0.6 | 3.3 | ± | 0.5 | ||
| peak exercise | - | - | 5.0 | ± | 1.1 | 4.8 | ± | 2.0 | 7.1 | ± | 1.4† | ||
| Stroke volume index (ml/m2) | |||||||||||||
| rest | - | - | 41.0 | ± | 15 | 38.0 | ± | 8 | 51.6 | ± | 9† | ||
| peak exercise | - | - | 44.1 | ± | 11 | 40.5 | ± | 12 | 63.2 | ± | 12† | ||
| End-diastolic volume index (ml/m2) | |||||||||||||
| rest | - | - | 188 | ± | 57 | 193 | ± | 39 | 85 | ± | 27† | ||
| peak exercise | - | - | 211 | ± | 92 | 225 | ± | 88 | 97 | ± | 33† | ||
| Systemic vascular resistance (dyn*s*cm-5) | |||||||||||||
| rest | 1417 | ± | 311 | 1455 | ± | 281 | 1367 | ± | 310 | ||||
| peak exercise | - | - | 903 | ± | 212 | 951 | ± | 195 | 717 | ± | 223† | ||
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||
| rest | - | - | 21.9 | ± | 9 | 18.8 | ± | 7 | 12.8 | ± | 2† | ||
| peak exercise | - | - | 42.5 | ± | 11 | 38.1 | ± | 11 | 33.5 | ± | 9† | ||
IDCM-na = patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and normal activation pattern; IDCM-LBBB = IDCM patients with left bundle branch block; LBBB = patients with isolated left bundle branch block
* p < 0.05 compared with controls
# p < 0.05 IDCM-na vs. IDCM-LBBB
† p < 0.05 LBBB vs. IDCM-na