Table 3.
Adjusted Effects of Drug, Alcohol, IDA, and Lead Exposures on Child Outcomes (n = 293)*
| Cocaine | Prenatal Alcohol | Marijuana¶ | IDA | Postnatal Lead | HOME | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WISC-IV Subscale | ||||||
| Verbal Comprehension IQ | β= −0.11, p < .07 | β= −0.14, p < .02 | β= −0.17, p < .004 | |||
| Similarities | β= −0.12, p < .05 | β= −0.18, p < .003 | ||||
| Vocabulary | 3rd tri. β= −0.12, p < .05 | β= −0.18, p < .002 | β= −0.13, p < .03 | |||
| Comprehension | β= 0.15, p < .01 | |||||
| Perceptual Reasoning IQ | β= −0.16, p < .02 | β= −0.16, p < .007 | ||||
| Block design | β= −0.17, p < .005 | β= −0.12, p < .06 | ||||
| Picture concept | β= −0.14, p < .03 | |||||
| Matrix reasoning | β= −0.11, p < .07 | β= −0.18, p < .003 | ||||
| Working Memory IQ | Average β= −0.14, p < .04 | β= 0.16, p < .01 | ||||
| Digit span | 3rd tri. β= −0.13, p < .04 | β= −0.10, p < .09 | ||||
| Letter-number sequencing | Average β= −0.18, p < .007 | β= −0.11, p < .07 | β= 0.17, p < .004 | |||
| Process Speed IQ | β= 0.15, p < .02 | |||||
| Coding | 3rd tri. β= −0.22, p < .0005 | β= −0.11, p < .07 | ||||
| Symbol search | β= 0.11, p < .06 | |||||
| Full-scale IQ | 3rd tri. β= −0.11, p < .08 | β= −0.14, p < .02 | β= 0.16, p < .007 | |||
| Full-scale IQ > 100 | O.R. =.51 (0.24 – 1.11), p < .09 | O.R.= .43 (0.22 – 0.85), p < .02 | O.R.=1.07 (1.00 – 1.14), p < .05 | |||
| Woodcock-Johnson Subscale | ||||||
| Reading Summary Score | 3rd tri. β= −0.17, p < .008 | β= −0.10, p < .08 | β= −0.15, p < .01 | β= 0.14, p < .02 | ||
| Letter-word | β= −0.15, p < .01 | β= 0.13, p < .03 | ||||
| Identification Passage comprehension | β= −0.18, p < .003 | β= 0.10, p < .08 | ||||
| Reading fluency | β= −0.15, p < .02 | β= 0.11, p < .07 | ||||
| Math Summary Score | β= −0.12, p < .04 | |||||
| Calculation | β= −0.12, p < .04 | |||||
| Applied problems | β= −0.10, p < .10 | β= −0.12, p < .04 | ||||
| Math fluency | β= −0.11, p < .07 | β= 0.15, p < .02 |
*
Since the impact of combined cocaine- adoptive/foster care effect was mediated completely by lead exposure, the β’s were estimated based on the model without the combined cocaine- adoptive/foster care variable.
¶
There were several positive correlations of first trimester marijuana exposure on outcomes (β’s = .13, p’s < .05 for similarities, vocabulary, and picture concepts). However, since only 1 child was exposed only to marijuana during the first trimester, these were deleted.