Table 4.

Association between Level of Depressive Symptoms and Subjective Sleep Disturbances

	Odds Ratio (95% CI)‡
Parameter of Sleep Quality	0–2 (Normal) (n=2310)	3–5 (Some Depressive Symptoms) (n=537)	≥6 (Depressed) (204)	P-trend
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5
Age and site adjusted*	1.0 (referent)	2.59 (2.13–3.15)	5.43 (3.87–7.63)	<.001
Multivariable adjusted†	1.0 (referent)	2.06 (1.67–2.55)	3.68 (2.54–5.33)	<.001
Epworth Sleepiness Scale >10
Age and site adjusted*	1.0 (referent)	1.91 (1.47–2.48)	3.20 (2.27–4.50)	<.001
Multivariable adjusted†	1.0 (referent)	1.65 (1.25–2.18)	2.61 (1.77–3.85)	<.001

^*n= 3051 men in age and site adjusted models

^†n= 3032 men in multivariable adjusted models. Model adjusted for age, site, race, BMI, living alone, alcohol intake, smoking status, cognitive impairment, physical activity, medical conditions, education, IADL impairments, self-reported health status, antidepressant use, benzodiazepine use and non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic/hypnotic use

^‡Odds Ratio (OR) of sleep disturbances for men with 3–5 depressive symptoms compared with men with 0–2 depressive symptoms, and men with 6–15 depressive symptoms compared with men with 0–2 depressive symptoms