Figure 6. Effect of curcumin on cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression and leucocyte binding in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs). (A) Radioimmunoassay analysis demonstrates that curcumin pretreatment of HIMECs followed by tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation completely inhibited intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression but only partially reduced E-selectin. *p <0.05. (B) Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis of HIMECs demonstrates the similar inhibitory effect of curcumin on CAM expression. Data are expressed as mean (SD) from triplicate wells. *p <0.05. (C) Low-shear stress flow adhesion assay demonstrates that curcumin pretreatment of HIMECs resulted in inhibition of U-937 leucocyte adhesion. *p <0.05.